戸塚 学

type:Article 小学校低学年児を対象とした運動プログラムを考案及び実践し，それらの効果検証としてセルフエフィカシーと運動に対する好意度から検討することを研究の目的とした．対象は，弘前市内にある２つの小学校の２年生児童運動群37名，対象群36名，計73名とし運動介入前後に調査を行った．その結果，運動群において運動好意度の有意な上昇が認められ，運動プログラムの介入効果の可能性が示唆された．しかし，セルフエフィカシーの上昇は認められず，身体活動量などの視点からの検討も行っていないため，今後，長期的な介入や児童の身体活動量の観点からも検討する必要性がある．

Pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are major chronic diseases that result in decreased pulmonary function. Relationships between body composition and pulmonary function have been reported. However, few epidemiological studies have used the visceral fat area (VFA) to measure body composition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body composition and pulmonary function. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2016, using data obtained from 1,287 residents aged between 19 and 91 years living in the Iwaki area of Hirosaki City, a rural region in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Pulmonary function was evaluated using the forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted value (predicted FVC%) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) to FVC. The measurements for evaluating body composition included the body fat percentage (BFP) of the whole body and trunk, skeletal muscle index (SMI), body mass index (BMI), VFA, waist circumference (WC) at the navel level, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). To adjust for potential confounders, Spearman’s partial correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the measurements of body composition and pulmonary function. There were significant correlations between the predicted FVC% and the following parameters: BFP (whole body and trunk) in younger males; SMI in older males; WC, VFA, BMI, and SMI in younger females; and BFP (whole body and trunk) and VFA in older females. Contrastingly, WC and VFA in younger males and WC in younger females were correlated with the FEV₁/FVC ratio. VFA was correlated with the FEV₁/FVC ratio in younger males and predicted FVC% in older females. These findings suggest that visceral fat accumulation may increase the development of obstructive pulmonary disease in young males and accelerate the decline of pulmonary function (predicted FVC%) in older females.