内田 悠介

The dynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM), the hot plasma that fills galaxy clusters, are shaped by gravity-driven cluster mergers and feedback from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the cluster cores. XRISM measurements of ICM velocities in several clusters offer insights into these processes. We compare XRISM measurements for nine galaxy clusters (Virgo, Perseus, Centaurus, Hydra-A, PKS 0745─19, A2029, Coma, A2319, and Ophiuchus) with predictions from three state-of-the-art cosmological simulation suites, TNG-Cluster, the Three Hundred Project GADGET-X, and GIZMO-SIMBA, that employ different models of feedback. In cool cores, XRISM reveals systematically lower velocity dispersions than the simulations predict, with all 10 measurements below the median simulated values by a factor of 1.5─1.7 on average and all falling within the bottom 10% of the predicted distributions. The observed kinetic-to-total pressure ratio is also lower, with a median value of 2.2%, compared to the predicted 5.0%─6.5% for the three simulations. Outside the cool cores and in non-cool-core (NCC) clusters, simulations show better agreement with XRISM measurements, except for the outskirts of the relaxed, cool-core cluster A2029, which exhibits an exceptionally low kinetic pressure support (<1%), with none of the simulated systems in either of the three suites reaching such low levels. The NCC Coma and A2319 exhibit dispersions at the lower end but within the simulated spread. Our comparison suggests that the three numerical models may overestimate the kinetic effects of SMBH feedback in cluster cores. Additional XRISM observations of NCC clusters will clarify if there is a systematic tension in the gravity-dominated regime as well....

<jats:p><jats:italic>Context.</jats:italic> Accurate X-ray spectroscopic measurements are fundamental for deriving basic physical parameters of the most abundant baryon components in the Universe. The plethora of X-ray observatories currently operational enables a panchromatic view of the high-energy emission of celestial sources. However, uncertainties in the energy-dependent calibration of the instrument transfer functions (e.g. the effective area, energy redistribution, or gain) can limit - and historically, did limit - the accuracy of X-ray spectroscopic measurements.</jats:p> <jats:p><jats:italic>Aims.</jats:italic> We revised the status of the cross-calibration among the scientific payload on board four operation missions: <jats:italic>Chandra</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>NuSTAR</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>XMM-Newton</jats:italic>, and the recently launched XRISM. XRISM carries the micro-calorimeter Resolve, which yields the best energy resolution at energies ≥2 keV. For this purpose, we used the data from a 10-day-long observational campaign targeting the nearby active galactic nucleus NGC 3783, carried out in July 2024.</jats:p> <jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.</jats:italic> We present a novel model-independent method for assessing the cross-calibration status that is based on a multi-node spline of the spectra with the highest-resolving power (XRISM/Resolve in our campaign). We also estimated the impact of the intrinsic variability of NGC 3783 on the cross-calibration status due to the different time coverages of participating observatories and performed an empirical reassessment of the Resolve throughput at low energies.</jats:p> <jats:p><jats:italic>Results.</jats:italic> Based on this analysis, we derived a set of energy-dependent correction factors of the observed responses, enabling a statistically robust analysis of the whole spectral dataset. They will be employed in subsequent papers describing the astrophysical results of the campaign.</jats:p>

Accretion disks in strong gravity ubiquitously produce winds, seen as blueshifted absorption lines in the X-ray band of both stellar mass X-ray binaries (black holes and neutron stars)^{1, 2, 3–4} and supermassive black holes⁵. Some of the most powerful winds (termed Eddington winds) are expected to arise from systems in which radiation pressure is sufficient to unbind material from the inner disk (L ≳ L_Edd). These winds should be extremely fast and carry a large amount of kinetic power, which, when associated with supermassive black holes, would make them a prime contender for the feedback mechanism linking the growth of those black holes with their host galaxies⁶. Here we show the XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, which reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines. This Compton-thick wind significantly attenuates the flux, making it appear faint, although it is intrinsically more luminous than usual (L ≳ L_Edd). However, the wind is extremely slow, more consistent with the predictions of thermal-radiative winds launched by X-ray irradiation of the outer disk than with the expected Eddington wind driven by radiation pressure from the inner disk. This puts new constraints on the origin of winds from bright accretion flows in binaries, but also highlights the very different origin required for the ultrafast (v ~ 0.3c) winds seen in recent Resolve observations of a supermassive black hole at a similarly high Eddington ratio⁷....

We present the first high-resolution X-ray spectral analysis of Cygnus X-1 using XRISM. The observation wa3s carried out from 2024 April 7 to 10, covering the orbital phase range 0.65-0.17 during its low/hard state. Taking advantage of the exceptional energy resolution of the Resolve instrument, we examined highly ionized iron absorption lines and characterized the ionization states, column densities, and line-of-sight velocities of the absorbing plasma. Spectral analysis revealed an ionization parameter of <inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0001" notation="LaTeX">$\xi \sim 3$</tex-math></inline-formula>, column densities of a few <inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0002" notation="LaTeX">$\times 10^{21}$</tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0003" notation="LaTeX">$^{-2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and a blueshifted velocity of <inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0004" notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>100 km s<inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0005" notation="LaTeX">$^{-1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The observation was divided into two phases: before and after orbital phase <inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0006" notation="LaTeX">$\phi _{\rm {orb } } = 0.9$</tex-math></inline-formula>, corresponding to non-dipping and dipping intervals. While only weak absorption features were present before <inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0007" notation="LaTeX">$\phi _{\rm {orb } } = 0.9$</tex-math></inline-formula>, strong absorption by He-like and H-like Fe appeared during the dipping phase. We measured equivalent widths of 2.3, 0.4, and 1.2 eV for He-like Fe K<inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0008" notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula> and H-like Ly<inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0009" notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _1$</tex-math></inline-formula> and Ly<inline-formula><tex-math id="TM0010" notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _2$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively-demonstrating the capability of XRISM Resolve to securely detect narrow absorption features of only a few eV. These measurements trace the motion of the absorbing material and offer insight into the kinematics and spatial distribution of the wind in the vicinity of the black hole. These findings enhance our understanding of wind-fed accretion in Cygnus X-1 and highlight the importance of continued high-resolution X-ray observations to further constrain the physical properties of winds and accretion flows in high-mass X-ray binaries....