田崎 史江

【目的】地域在住高齢者のプレフレイル有症と食欲低下の関連性を調査すること。【方法】地域在住高齢者204名（男：53名，女：151名，年齢：74.1±6.6歳）を対象に，身体的フレイル，食欲，食習慣，高齢者のうつの評価を行い，ロバスト群と身体的プレフレイル群の2群に分け，単変量解析を行った。有意差を認めた項目には多変量解析を行った。なお，有意水準は5%とした。【結果】ロバスト群が99名（48.5%），身体的プレフレイル群が105名（51.5%）であり，単変量解析の2群比較では食欲低下，うつ傾向，注意機能に有意差を認め，多変量解析ではプレフレイルの独立関連因子として食欲低下のオッズ比：3.703, うつ傾向のオッズ比：0.246を認めた。【結論】プレフレイル有症群は食欲低下，うつ傾向が独立関連因子であることが示唆された。低栄養状態の改善を図る場合には，食欲低下を考慮する必要性があると考えられた。

In occupational therapy, crafts and groups are used as therapeutic tools, but their electrophysiological effects have not been well described. This study aimed to investigate the effects of group crafting on the physiological synchrony (PS) of dyadic heartbeats and on the autonomic activity and electroencephalogram (EEG) of individuals. In this cross-sectional study, individuals' EEG and dyadic electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured during the task in a variety of conditions. The three conditions were alone, parallel, nonparallel. Autonomic activity from the subjects' ECG, PS from the dyadic ECG, and current source density from exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA) from subjects' EEG were analyzed. Measurements from 30 healthy young adults showed that the parallel condition significantly increased subjects' parasympathetic activity and dyadic PS. Parallel condition and frontal midline theta influenced parasympathetic activity, whereas parasympathetic activity was not associated with PS. Dyadic lag value were correlated with frontal delta, beta, and gamma activity. The results suggest that crafting in parallel groups increases parasympathetic activity and PS through different mechanisms, despite the absence of direct interaction. They also explain the electrophysiological evidence for the use of crafts and groups in psychiatric occupational therapy, such as increased relaxation and PS.