澤田 雅浩

In schools, disaster prevention plans and manuals are being developed along with training and disaster prevention education. In special-needs schools in particular, there is a movement to formulate business continuity plans that meet the needs of students with highly individualized disabilities. Therefore, we conducted a survey on how teachers think about the continuity of important business operations in the event of a disaster, as well as on their own disaster awareness and efforts. The results revealed that they consider the continuation of educational projects to be a low priority, and that they do not consider cooperation among teachers to be high.

This study examined the possibility of participation by nursing professionals in disaster mitigation and recovery activities in their residential areas. The results indicated that nursing professionals could meet the expectations of local residents for "first aid" and "psychological care. However, it was suggested that there were concerns when they had not experienced disaster-related activities in the community. It was suggested that measures to lower the hurdles to participation may encourage participation in disaster mitigation and recovery activities.

In population decline situation, it is necessary to consider the trends for the post-disaster reconstruction. However, it is not clear how pre-disaster situation, the damage seriousness, and the efforts for the reconstruction, especially in village revitalization acts, affects post-disaster demographics. This study quantitatively evaluates the impact by them through the case study on the 2004 Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake, and discuss about the thoughts of the reconstruction based on the results. The analysis result shows the differences in post-disaster demographics between damaged areas and others dependeing on regional residential characteristics, and quantitative relationships between damages and postdisaster long-term demographics. It showed the importance of pre-disaster situation and damages for the reconstruction.

A disaster prevention system for special needs education schools requires a school BCP(Business Continuity Plan)that covers the entire process from disaster occurrence, emergency response, evacuation, and reopening of schools. The process of continuous improvement through formulation, training, and review of school BCP is important in itself. Through the participation of various actors, special needs education schools need a mechanism to foster understanding of not only disaster prevention but also welfare for the disabled. To address the issues of community collaboration identified in the questionnaire survey, the use of individual education support plans that involve families (parents) and community disaster management plans that involve the community may be the one of solutions.

災害対応では発生から応急対応、復旧・復興を経て被害抑止・軽減に至るサイクルを循環させることが望ましいとされる。防災機関としての放送においてもこのサイクルに則した報道を行い、被害抑止・軽減に貢献することが求められる。そこで、災害対応サイクルに則した報道のあるべき姿や課題を明らかにするため、阪神・淡路大震災以来24年以上継続するラジオ番組を対象に、放送内容の特徴とその変化を分析した。その結果、一つの災害に絞って長期的に災害報道を継続すると災害対応のサイクルに沿うように報道内容も変遷していたことがわかった。また一つの番組を続けるなかで、学識経験者や支援者らが「おなじみ」となる程度まで繰り返し出演することにより放送内容を深めることが可能となり、長期災害報道のためには重要であることが明らかとなった。

<p>Radio plays an important role in functioning in times of disaster even if power and communication are disrupted. This study conducted a survey of 100 radio stations affiliated with the Japan Commercial Broadcasters Association. The results show that radio is a medium to deliver information to the victims in the disaster area, and that disaster broadcasting is closely related to daily broadcasting. In addition to the four elements of disaster broadcasting that have been identified in previous studies― "disaster preparedness", "disaster reporting", "safety information", and "daily life information"― the "empathetic broadcasting" which links listeners and radio stations was found to play an important role in radio broadcasting.</p>

<p>This paper shows the effectiveness of joint ownership of land. Therefore, the result of the survey on the joint ownership of land is shown in Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture. Showed the actual state of joint share of land rights. It became clear that it is possible to not only share the benefits generated by the land but also to disperse the damage. This result shows useful land ownership and usage methods for relocation before and after natural disasters. In areas where disasters are expected to occur in the near future, advance reconstruction plans are progressing. It is one possibility to utilize this system in areas where the development pressure is not so high, where relocation is necessary to rebuild the residence.</p>

<p>2004年に発生した新潟県中越地震では、すでに過疎化、高齢化、農業の担い手不足等の課題が顕在化していた中山間地域に大きな被害が発生した。復旧・復興に際しては、従来の自然災害とは異なり、人口減少が進む地域社会をどのように再生、新生するかが被災地内外から問われてきた。ここでは、それらの復旧・復興プロセスがどのように検証され、その後の地域づくり等へと展開されてきたかを紹介しながら、「復興」に軸足を置いたときの「検証」の位置づけを整理する。</p>

全国的に人口減少社会の到来が問題視され，一部では自治体の消滅可能性にまで言及されている。それを打開するために地方創生の議論も各地で熱心に進められつつあるが，ここでは人口減少を前提としたうえで，防災対策，そして復旧・復興をどのように進めていけばいいのかについて，2004年に発生した新潟県中越地震の被害とその復旧・復興プロセスを軸に，東日本大震災被災地における状況や，現在取り組みが進められつつある地区防災計画策定プロセスなどを通じて考えてみたい。中越地震は，すでに人口減少が進みつつあった地域で起きた災害といえる。被害が甚大であった中山間地域の集落では1970年代にすでに人口減少，担い手不足が叫ばれていた。職場の確保という目的のために工場の立地等を促す施策が講じられたり，Uターン，Iターン者のための住宅が建設されたりした。しかしそれで人口減少が止まったわけではなく，立地した工場などもその後の環境の変化にともなって撤退するなど，効果が大きかった分，そのダメージも大きく，地域の状況をさらに厳しくしている。その点で現在の地方創生が目指している，働く場を作れば大都市に一極的に集中している人口の地方分散が図られるという仮説の中で地方都市が対策を講じていくさまには既視感がともなう。個別施策では人口を増やすことは容易ではない。むしろ人口減少を前提としながらも，災害に強く暮らしやすい地域づくりを志向することもできるのではないだろうか。その可能性が中越地震の被災地における様々な事例から浮かび上がってくるのである。震災から13年が経過した被災地では，人口は更に減少し，また世帯構成人員も減少している。地域を訪れる人々は震災前よりはるかに多様になり，そこでの交流も多様性を帯びている。震災前までは，都市農村交流などを施策として掲げた場合，首都圏をターゲットに，来ていただいたお客さんに一方的におもてなしをするような枠組みで事業が展開されるケースが多かったものが，むしろ地域の様々な活動に積極的に参画するような人も増えている。多様性と流動性の獲得による地域としての生態系(エコシステム)の実現である。地域の担い手はそこに暮らす人が主役であることはもちろん，そこに関わる人の多様性をうまく活用することが重要であり，多様な視点から地域をきちんと捉え直し，情報共有することもまた大切だといえよう。

個人，世帯の復旧・復興だけでなく，暮らしの場の復興も視野に入れた住宅再建やその居住地計画とするための議論が継続できるように，避難所以降の環境をどのように準備していくのかということはとても重要である。新潟県中越地震において大きな被害を受けた旧山古志村では村外とつながる幹線道路がすべて土砂崩れ等によって通行できなくなったことで，いわゆる孤立状態に陥った。その状況を目の当たりにした当時の村長は，全村避難という決断を下している。数日後，旧山古志村民はすべて隣接する長岡市へと避難をすることとなった。それ以外にも近接する小千谷市や川口町などでも同様の避難が行われている。避難指示が継続し，従前居住地に戻ることに対する制約がある中での避難所生活となったが，避難直後はとりあえず提供された避難所にばらばらに避難していた村民が，ある時点で集落ごとの避難に移行するべく，避難所の引っ越しを行っている。それによって地域の被害状況に応じたその後の対応策などを地域住民が話し合える環境が整うことになる。地域でまとまって復旧・復興の姿を考える必要性は行政当局も実感しており，仮設住宅の建設計画策定にも生かされている。

本研究では、東日本大震災の集団移転事業の推進に資するために、台湾最大規模の集団移転事業となったモーラコット台風の「永久屋基地」を事例に、合計7基地2,000世帯超の「永久屋基地」を対象として基礎分析を行う。そして計画事業実行者、移転残留した住民を対象とした聞き取り調査結果に基づき、集団移転パターンとそれぞれのメリット・デメリットの検討を通じ、大規模な集団移転の課題を明らかにする。集団移転の課題としては、計画段階の「用地取得」「外部資源」「立地条件」、及び運営段階の「事業経費」「運営管理」「文化継続」6つの課題に分類され、元の集落と移住先の移動距離が全ての課題の要因となることが分かった。集団移転は移動距離によって、「集落内移転」「長距離移転（10km以上）」及び「短距離移転（10km内）」の3パターンに分けられる。集落内移転は、計画段階より運営管理段階の問題が少なく、地域住民意識の向上が見られたのに対し、長距離移転では逆の傾向が見られた。短距離移転については、用地取得に時間がかかる、将来拡張できないといった問題があるが、元の集落に近いため、環境適応、運営管理、文化継続の面では優れている。

<p>This paper clarifies disaster response and recovery strategies from long term flooding damage after possible Nankai Earthquake Disaster from case studies in Kochi city. Japan has vulnerability suffering from long term flooding because many cities locate in area of below sea level. Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka have large below sea level area. Because of climate change, risk of flooding in those areas is becoming higher. In addition to climate change, M8 class earthquake cause land subsidence for fault displacement. Kochi is likely to suffer from that impact for M8 class earthquake called Nankai Earthquake, which might occur with 60% possibility within 30 years. Issues on disaster response and a strategic time line for recovery are clarified based on the analysis on recovery process of historic events, and stakeholder workshop in Kochi.</p>

コレクション : 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション > 電子書籍・電子雑誌 > 学術機関 > 学協会

Adapazari-city lived in 35 million people was damaged hardly by 1999 Maramara Earthquake. 3988 people died and various recovery policies has been implemented. In this study, building appearance survey conducted in disaster-stricten area over 3 years. Under building regulation limited 2 building stories, 28 percent of sample data have been rebuilt. On the contrary, 12.2 percent of that has not been rebuilt. In conclusion city-reconstruction measures in Adapazari has been took into consideration.

This paper examines the community recovery assistance and reconstruction process after the 921 earthquake in Taiwan. The Tuniu district in Shiukang village was used as a case study to investigate the reconstruction process, and indicated that there are distinct phases; (i) state of confusion after the earthquake, (ii) building trusting relationships among residents and experts and creating incentives for the reconstruction, (iii) searching ways to community reconstructing by residents and experts, (iv) building networks and infiltrating residents, and (v) community management by residents&#039; reliance. The implications of these findings for recovery assistance and reconstruction planning are discussed.

成熟社会を迎え、日本の地域計画のありようも変わりつつある。いわゆる多自然居住地域においては、深刻化する高齢化や集落の人口減少などから、いかにその生活を継続させていくかということが問題となり始めている。多自然居住地域は一般的に多くの森林と多くの河川の上流域を有しており、国土の管理を考える上できわめて重要な地域である。しかし、その一方で、これらの地域の管理は住民の生活の中で日常的に行われる管理行為に依る部分が大きく、これらの地域の生活基盤が揺らぐことは、国土管理上も大きな問題といえる。しかし、人口が少なくなっている地区の分布とその空間的現状を明らかにし、その上で人口が少ない地区、高齢化率が高い地区でどのような問題が生じているのか捉え、両者から多自然居住地域の安心安全を議論した研究は未だにないのが現状である。そこでこの研究では、GISと国勢調査を用いた空間解析と、集落の自治会長へのアンケートを通して、この問題を明らかにすることを試みる。

At the Mid-Niigata Earthquake of 2004, we happened to see the problem of some isolated villages in intermediate and mountainous areas. The southern area of Kii-Peninsula, that we have examined, has same situation. And in this area, depopulation and aging are progressing. In case of the Tonankai-Nankai Earthquake, we will be confronted with a crisis of some villagestユ disappearance. So we attempt to construct the index to evaluate self-support of a region. In this paper, we take effect with field examinations, verify effective extent of the index on the model region, and consider the possibility of putting the index to practical use.

新潟県中越地震では中山間地域において多くの地盤災害が発生し、現地再建が困難な世帯の多い集落が目立った。そのため、このような集落では防災集団移転促進事業によって、集落近傍、または集落から離れた市街地の、安全な場所への移転による住宅再建を行った。このような事例は集落の立地条件や社会的状況や移転形態によって分類できる。移転世帯への全数アンケート調査の結果、多くの世帯の移転後の生活への満足度は高いものの、特に山間地から市街地に移転した事例では、新しい環境への適応や、移転跡地での田畑の耕作や養鯉の継続といった課題が明らかになった。

<p>After the Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake of 2004, many housings were damaged and the risk of soil failures and inundations were increasing in intermediate and mountainous areas. And these areas have been had the problems related to depopulation by moving out their settlement because of disadvantage to the weather conditions and inconvenient location as usual. Therefore there are anxiety of many households moving out and breakdown after this earthquake in these area. Under the situation, Niigata Pref. Government adopts the community preservation. So we investigate into the households and analyze the impact on the communities and factors of moving out from their settlements. And we want to obtain empirical knowleges for community preservation at their native area in this study.</p>

<p>After the Niigata-ken-Chuetsu Earthquake of 2004, the public support systems which assist livelihoods of disaster victims (especially, repair and reconstruction of the housing) have been conducted. However, applying of the system is now undergoing and the whole situation of the problems, produced by operation of the systems, is not understood yet, though various problems are pointed out after the earthquake. This paper aims to understand the actual situation of problems of public supports for repair and reconstruction of housing introduced by the inconsistent policy making after the earthquake from the operation of the system and the utilization by the disaster victims point of view.</p>

<p>Not only disaster damage but also recovery process are different in each disaster. On the 2004 Mid Niigata Earthquake (Mw6.6), there are some characteristic issues<tt> </tt>in the response and recovery processes of follows; (1)Various spaces and facilities such as public facilities, private yards, private cars, semi-private open spaces were used as evaluation space. (2)Snow influenced recovery activities and speeds, because Niigata is heavy snow region in Japan. The Response and recovery process for a half-year after the earthquake in Kawaguchi-town was surveyed. Land-use for post-disaster activities was observed intermittently and, characteristics of recovery process in Kwaguchi-town were considered.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study is to draw allocation planning policy of temporary houses from analyses of victim's satisfaction after Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake. The results are as follows; 1) "local community continuity" and "consciousness to facilities of their temporary housing" are extracted as appropriate variables to affect the victim's satisfaction by structural equation modeling. 2) In addition, it is clarified that sift arrangement by original local settlements can not be always continue the local community because many young households do not join local community. 3) It is concluded that new allocation methods that can arrange various resident needs is required.</p>

<p>This study evaluates the information sharing method powerd by GIS technology following a Mw.6.8 earthquake on the middle area of Niigata (Chuetsu area) on 23rd October 2004. We established the Chuetsu Earthquake restoration and revival support GIS project. Many kinds of data about the damage situation that the government and local governments or associated organizations owned were unified by GIS technology, and it was shown as a portal site on the Internet. The data input process was done outside the damaged area. These data were offered to the damaged area, and only practical use was expected. The effectiveness was shown as one of the methods of restoration and revival support by activity of the project.</p>

新潟県中越大震災で大きな被害を受けた長岡市を対象として、住民に対してヒアリング調査を行い、ライフラインの復旧状況と住民の避難行動の関係性を明らかにした。さらに、避難場所として利用された街区公園について利用実態を調査し、地方都市における震災時の公園利用の課題を明らかにした。その結果、ライフラインの復旧は市街地区分により大きく異なること、電気の復旧が避難行動に大きく影響したこと、公園の利用では平常時の利用状況により住民の避難や避難の長期化に対する対応に差が見られたこと、が明らかとなった。

平成 16年 10月 23日 17時 56分に発生した新潟県中越大震災は、中山間地域を含む広範な地域に大きな被害をもたらした。 1995年に発生した阪神・淡路大震災に比べ倒壊建物や焼失建物、そして死者数が少なかった一方で、今回の震災においては避難者数の多さと避難行動の多様性が注目された。そこで本研究では被災地である小千谷市と長岡市の計 7地区を対象に、アンケートによって避難行動に関する悉皆調査を行った。その結果から自家用車での避難に代表される避難行動の多様性を子細に把握するとともに、地域の被災状況などがそれらの行動選択に及ぼす影響を考察した。加えて必ずしも避難所に避難しない可能性があるとの結果から、今後の防災対策のあり方にも言及している。

A reconstruction process from an earthquake disaster in Turkey has a special characteristic point Especially, the most characteristic points are the system of support for reconstructing a person's destroyed building caused by an earthquake disaster. Also development of a new settlement area that is considered great importance to the ground condition. These have been invented by the law, system and organization for a disaster in Turkey. In addition, after the Marmara earthquake, there were some changes in the law, system and organization about a disaster. By this change, it has been expected a different correspondence to afuture disaster. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the future changes of the characteristic points for a disaster in Turkey by arranging a series of processes.

An interruption of the water supply system caused by an earthquake will disturb an efficient use of building functions. Especially, the center of the administrations must keep these functions. This study deals with the Kasumigaseki district and investigates the following 4 issues. 1) Research and analysis of the water supply system of the government institutional buildings located in the Kasumigaseki district. 2) Case study on the possibility of keeping building functions of when the water supply is interrupted. 3) Investigates the method for keeping building functions, for example, renewal the water supply system in the buildings, introduction of a water supply system against earthquake disasters, etc. 4) Investigates the possibility of the practical use of the canal water around the Imperial Palace as water supply for refugees around the Kasumigaseki district.