Junko Shimizu

This study explores the competencies, roles, and career backgrounds of program officers (POs) in Japan’s nonprofit sector. Based on survey data, it examines how professional experience relates to the roles POs perform and the competencies they consider important. The findings show that POs have diverse cross-sector career backgrounds, while their experience significantly influences their perceived roles and competencies. The study also identifies limited opportunities for professional development and highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration and supportive public policies for strengthening nonprofit human resource development and organizational capacity.